Sitework and grading
Cut, fill, rock excavation, and retaining wall quantities for East Tennessee hillside lots.
CY · LF · TONKnoxville permitting runs heavily to multifamily, and the numbers move fast. We produce CSI-formatted takeoffs with ZIP-code-adjusted Knox County pricing so your bid holds up against local subcontractor quotes.
Multifamily-heavy permitting (72% of 2025 units), steep and shallow rock in East Tennessee soil, hillside sites that drive retaining wall and shoring quantities, a humid climate that affects roofing and envelope detailing, and ZIP-code-adjusted labor and material pricing for Knox County.
Knoxville sits in Knox County at the edge of the Ridge-and-Valley and Blue Ridge provinces, and that geology shows up in every takeoff. Cut and fill quantities swing on rock depth, retaining walls appear on sloped lots, and foundation designs vary block to block. We price those conditions with ZIP-code-adjusted material and labor data rather than a national average.
The city's permit mix reflects the work: in 2025, Knoxville issued 1,439 new privately-owned residential units, 72% of them multifamily. That means podium and wrap construction, elevator and stair cores, and MEP systems that carry long lead times. We build takeoffs around those scopes and hand them back in Excel and PDF, organized by CSI MasterFormat division with marked-up plan sets. See our Tennessee construction estimating page for statewide coverage, or compare nearby markets in Chattanooga and Nashville.
For bidders. You need quantities that match the plans before the bid date. We return division-level takeoffs with waste factors and marked-up sheets so you can check our counts line by line.
For builders. You are buying out subs and need scope gaps closed. We flag missing divisions, allowance items, and trades that fall between contracts on Knoxville multifamily and commercial jobs.
For owners. You want a budget before design is final. We estimate from schematic sets and update as drawings develop, with assumptions listed so you know what is and is not included.
Select a bar to compare Knoxville with the largest Tennessee markets we cover.
1,439 new housing units in 2025 (-31.3% vs 2024).
407 single-family · 1,032 multifamily (72%).
Knoxville issued 1,439 new privately-owned residential units in 2025, down 31% from 2,096 in 2024. Single-family accounted for 407 units and multifamily 1,032 — 72% of the total. Permitted value was $287M, or $199,200 per unit on average. For bidders, the drop means fewer starts chasing the same subcontractor pool, but the multifamily share tells you where the real scope sits: podiums, elevators, corridors, and central MEP plants. Those projects carry longer buyout cycles and more division overlap than single-family. If you bid in this market, your takeoff has to separate shell, core, and fit-out costs so a general contractor can see where the risk is. Our multi-family estimating services are built for that split, and the commercial estimating services page covers the mixed-use and retail work that follows multifamily density.
Knoxville ranked 5th of 24 covered state cities by residential units in 2025, with 7.4% of the 19,558-unit statewide total. That places it behind Nashville and Memphis but ahead of most of the state, and the gap matters for pricing. Labor and material rates in Knox County differ from Middle Tennessee, and ZIP-code adjustment keeps your estimate from importing Nashville overhead into a Knoxville bid. The same applies when you compare scopes across Memphis or Clarksville. If you work in more than one of these markets, keep the pricing basis separate or your unit costs will drift.
We cover the divisions that show up on Knoxville plans, from dirt to MEP trim-out.
Cut, fill, rock excavation, and retaining wall quantities for East Tennessee hillside lots.
CY · LF · TONFootings, stem walls, slab-on-grade, and post-tension slabs for multifamily podiums.
CY · SF · LBWood and light-gauge studs, joists, trusses, and sheathing counted from plan sheets.
LF · EA · SFTPO, shingle, and metal roof areas with flashing and insulation for humid summers.
SQ · LF · SFPlumbing, HVAC, and electrical counts by fixture, tonnage, and device for permit sets.
EA · TON · LFDrywall, paint, flooring, and trim quantities for apartment and commercial fit-out.
SF · LF · EAScope gap checks across CSI divisions before you send the number to a Knoxville GC.
DIV · LSUnit rates and backup for added scope after the contract is signed.
EA · SF · LSYou are pricing podium and wrap multifamily against three or four competitors and need division-level quantities fast enough to level bids before the deadline. We mark up the sheets so your estimator can verify counts.
Knoxville's 2025 permit mix was 72% multifamily, so your pro formas hinge on unit-count-driven MEP, elevator, and core costs. We estimate from schematic through permit sets as drawings develop.
Ridge-and-Valley slopes mean cut, fill, and rock quantities decide whether your number holds. We take off mass grading, retaining walls, and foundations separately so you can price the risk you carry.
Infill lots in older Knoxville neighborhoods come with tear-out, utility relocates, and tight access that a plan-only takeoff misses. We list those assumptions so your change orders start from a known baseline.
You need a realistic number before design is final, not a square-foot guess. We estimate from schematic sets, state what is excluded, and update as the drawings move toward permit.
Your crews and suppliers are priced elsewhere. We rebuild the estimate on ZIP-code-adjusted material and labor data for Knoxville so your bid reflects what local subs actually charge.
We estimate from plans for projects anywhere in Knox County and the surrounding counties, whether the site is downtown infill or a greenfield subdivision. If your plans are stamped for a jurisdiction outside this list, send them anyway and we will confirm coverage.
The 2025 permit data shows where the volume is: 1,439 new privately-owned residential units, 1,032 of them multifamily, plus commercial work that follows the population. We estimate all of it from the same division-organized takeoff format.
Knoxville's 2025 multifamily share was 72% of permitted residential units, so this is the core of local volume. We take off the podium slab, wood-frame upper floors, elevator and stair cores, and unit-by-unit MEP rough-in.
Watch for: Podium waterproofing, fire-rated assemblies, elevator lead times
Three- and four-story walk-ups on sloped West and North Knox County sites need retaining walls and stepped foundations. We quantify earthwork by building pad and price foundations per building rather than per square foot.
Watch for: Retaining wall length, stepped footings, storm drainage runs
The city permitted 407 single-family units in 2025, split between infill lots and new subdivision phases. We take off per-plan, then extend quantities across the phase so your lot-by-lot pricing stays consistent.
Watch for: Utility trench depth, driveway cuts, lot grading balance
Knox County commercial work runs along the corridors and near the university. We estimate tenant fit-out and ground-up shells with Divisions 2 through 33 broken out, including storefront, roof, and MEP systems.
Watch for: Storefront glazing, roof system type, grease and vent rough-in
Older downtown and North Knoxville buildings bring selective demolition, structural repairs, and unknown existing conditions. We carry demolition and patching as separate line items so they do not hide inside the new-work divisions.
Watch for: Selective demo, structural patching, MEP tie-in locations
Distribution and light manufacturing space follows the interstate corridors. We take off slab thickness, tilt or metal wall panels, dock equipment, and the electrical service capacity the tenant equipment will demand.
Watch for: Slab flatness, dock packages, service and transformer size
Two bids for the same Knoxville drawings can differ by double digits, and the gap is almost never the framing. These are the cost drivers we price explicitly instead of burying in a square-foot number.
Knoxville and Knox County review under adopted editions of the IBC, IRC, and IECC, and the edition in force affects envelope, egress, and energy compliance line items. Multifamily projects also trigger fire-rated assembly and sprinkler requirements under NFPA 13. Confirm the adopted edition and any local amendments with the Knox County building department before you lock your bid, because a plan revision after permit can move Division 5 and Division 9 quantities.
Knox County building department · IBC · IRC · IECCEast Tennessee sits on limestone and dolomite with karst features, and Ridge-and-Valley slopes put rock at variable depth under building pads. That drives over-excavation, rock removal, and footing depth changes that a plan-only takeoff will miss. We take off foundation concrete and reinforcement by element, then carry rock excavation and unsuitable soil as separate bid items so you can see the exposure before you add contingency.
Karst geology · Ridge-and-Valley · Rock excavation · Footing depthKnoxville gets humid summers, freeze-thaw winters, and heavy convective rain, which affects roofing underlayment, exterior sealants, and temporary erosion control. Wind and storm design criteria set fastener schedules and cladding attachment on taller buildings. We price the specified assemblies rather than a regional default, and we flag weather-sensitive scopes so your schedule allowances match the season you build in.
Freeze-thaw cycles · Wind design criteria · Erosion control · Roofing underlaymentKnoxville is a mostly open-shop market with a limited pool of specialty trades, and that shows up in mechanical, electrical, and elevator pricing more than in framing. Long lead times on switchgear and equipment can also force premium pricing if the schedule is tight. We build labor from ZIP-code-adjusted rates and note where a single-source trade is likely to control the bid.
Open-shop labor · Mechanical and electrical trades · Elevator contractors · Switchgear lead timeSloped lots need cut and fill balanced on paper before they are balanced in the field, and Tennessee's stormwater requirements add detention and water-quality structures to many sites. Utility runs in older parts of the city hit unmapped lines. We take off mass grading, storm pipe, structures, and erosion control by length and count, and we separate utility relocation from new work.
Mass grading · Storm detention · Water-quality structures · Utility relocationTennessee has no state income tax, and that keeps in-migration and construction demand high, but it does not change material prices. What changes your number is freight and supplier coverage: some specialty products ship from Nashville, Memphis, or out of state. We price materials at Knoxville ZIP-code levels and list the items where freight or a single supplier is likely to move the number.
No state income tax · Freight cost · Supplier coverage · ZIP-code pricingKnox County's mix of infill multifamily, hillside residential, and institutional work changes what an estimator measures and how the quantities are grouped. These are the trade-level items we watch most closely on Knoxville plan sets.
Knoxville sits in the Ridge and Valley and Appalachian karst belt, so a takeoff that assumes uniform cut is a bid risk. We measure stripping separately from unclassified excavation, then break rock out as its own bid item because the quantity is usually an allowance until borings confirm it. On sloped lots, we calculate cut and fill from spot elevations rather than a single average depth, and we carry a line for undercut and backfill where soft seams are likely. Erosion control, silt fence, and temporary sediment basins are measured by linear foot and each. Drainage scope — riprap, channel lining, and storm structures — is taken off from the civil sheets, not the architectural set. Our sitework estimating services group these items so your subcontractor pricing lines up with the bid form.
Most Knoxville residential and light commercial framing is dimensional lumber and engineered wood, with some structural steel at long spans. We take off wall framing by linear foot of wall and stud count by spacing, then add plates, headers, and blocking. Floor and roof systems are measured by area with joist or truss counts, and sheathing is converted to sheets with a typical waste factor. Roof pitch and complex hips and valleys on hillside homes change the roof area and the waste, so we measure each plane. Our framing estimating services and roofing estimating services use the same takeoff so the framer and roofer are bidding the same geometry.
Knoxville gets summer humidity and occasional hail, so roof assemblies and water-resistive barriers get close attention. We measure roof area by plane, add hip and ridge by linear foot, and take off underlayment, flashing, and drip edge separately. For walls, we count sheathing, housewrap or fluid-applied WRB, and cladding by area with openings deducted. Interior finishes are measured room by room: drywall by square foot with level of finish noted, flooring by square foot, paint by wall and ceiling area, and casework by linear foot. Our residential estimating services and commercial estimating services both deliver these divisions in the same Excel and PDF format.
Footings, stem walls, slab-on-grade, and retaining walls are all normal Knoxville scope, but the foundation detail drives the quantity. We take off continuous footings by linear foot with width and thickness, then convert to cubic yards, and we keep interior and exterior walls on separate lines because formwork and access differ. Where a plan calls for pier and grade beam over rock, we measure piers by count and depth and grade beams by linear foot. Slab thickness, vapor barrier, and welded wire or fiber mesh are each their own line. Our concrete estimating services and foundation estimating services both start from the structural sheets and reconcile against the architectural slab plan before we release the takeoff.
Tennessee follows the adopted editions of the International Mechanical, Plumbing, and Electrical codes, and the local building department confirms which edition applies, so we do not guess at code-driven counts. We measure plumbing fixtures by count, supply and drain lines by linear foot and diameter, and gas piping by size and run. HVAC tonnage is driven by the load calculation, and we take off ductwork by linear foot and pound, plus registers and diffusers by count. Electrical takeoff runs from service size down to device counts, with separate lines for feeders, branch circuits, and lighting fixtures. Our MEP estimating services keep these divisions separate so your mechanical, plumbing, and electrical bids can be compared line by line.
Quick check for a single element. For a full drawing set, send the plans and we measure everything, including the items calculators miss.
Typical waste: 3–5% for slabs, 5–10% for footings and walls. Truck count assumes 10 CY loads; confirm load size with your ready-mix supplier.
Need the full takeoff with pricing? Upload your plans.
| Section | Line item | Qty | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 03 30 00 | Footing concrete, 24"x12" continuous | 18.5 | CY |
| 03 30 00 | Slab-on-grade concrete, 4" thick | 142 | CY |
| 05 12 00 | Structural steel beam, W12x26 | 1,240 | LB |
| 06 10 00 | 2x6 wall framing, 16" o.c. | 2,860 | LF |
| 06 10 00 | Wall sheathing, 7/16" OSB | 9,400 | SF |
| 07 30 00 | Asphalt shingle roofing | 38 | SQ |
| 09 29 00 | Gypsum wallboard, 1/2" | 12,600 | SF |
| 31 23 00 | Unclassified excavation | 1,850 | CY |
This example uses illustrative dimensions for a simple continuous footing on a Knoxville-area house. The arithmetic is what matters; substitute your own plan dimensions.
Assume an exterior footing 120 linear feet long, 24 inches wide, and 12 inches deep, plus an interior footing 40 linear feet long, 16 inches wide, and 12 inches deep.
Step 1 — Convert dimensions to feet. 24 in = 2.0 ft, 16 in = 1.333 ft, 12 in = 1.0 ft.
Step 2 — Compute volume per run. Volume = length × width × depth.
| Run | Length (LF) | Width (ft) | Depth (ft) | Volume (CF) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exterior | 120 | 2.000 | 1.00 | 240.0 |
| Interior | 40 | 1.333 | 1.00 | 53.3 |
| Total | 160 | — | — | 293.3 |
Step 3 — Convert to cubic yards. 293.3 CF ÷ 27 = 10.86 CY.
Step 4 — Add waste and spillage. A typical waste factor for formed footings is 5 percent. 10.86 × 1.05 = 11.40 CY. Round to 11.5 CY for ordering.
Step 5 — Cross-check against rebar. If the footing uses four #4 bars continuous, that is 4 × 160 LF = 640 LF, plus lap and dowels. At 0.668 lb per LF for #4, that is about 428 lb before laps.
Two things to watch on a Knoxville footing takeoff. First, if the excavation exposes rock at a shallower depth than the plan assumed, the footing depth may change and the concrete quantity moves with it. Second, stepped footings on a sloped lot are measured as separate segments, not one average depth, because the steps add forms and concrete. We keep both conditions as separate lines so the change is visible if it happens. For a full division-by-division package on a project like this, send the plans through our get an estimate page.
Most projects are returned in 24 to 48 hours, and rush turnaround is available when your bid date is close. The schedule depends on the size and quality of the plan set. A single-family set with architectural and structural sheets moves quickly; a multifamily or commercial package with full MEP drawings takes longer because there are more divisions to measure. Send the complete set, including addenda, so we are not estimating from superseded sheets.
We deliver Excel and PDF files organized by CSI MasterFormat division, with marked-up plan sets showing what was measured. That means your estimator can see the quantity, the unit, and the location on the drawing that produced it. If your bid form uses a different structure, tell us and we will group the lines to match it rather than making you re-key the takeoff.
Yes. We use ZIP-code-adjusted material and labor pricing with RSMeans data, so the rates reflect the Knoxville market rather than a national average. Quantities are always separated from pricing, so you can apply your own subcontractor quotes to our quantities if you prefer. That separation is useful when you have a standing price from a local supplier and want to see how it compares.
Yes, and they are common in the Knoxville area. Sloped lots change the takeoff in several ways: stepped footings, retaining walls, additional drainage, and more cut and fill. We measure those items individually instead of averaging the site, because averaging hides the quantity that actually drives cost. If you have a grading plan and borings, send them; they improve the accuracy of the earthwork and foundation lines.
We carry rock as its own line, separate from unclassified excavation, because the two have very different costs. If the geotechnical report gives a rock elevation, we can estimate the quantity above and below it. If it does not, we show the assumption clearly so you can decide whether to bid it as a quantity or hold it as an allowance. Never bury rock in a single excavation line.
Yes. Multifamily is a large share of Knoxville residential permitting, and we take off unit types separately, then extend by count, rather than measuring one typical unit and multiplying. That approach catches the differences in corner units, end units, and accessible units. Our multi-family estimating services cover foundations, framing, roofing, MEP, and finishes in one coordinated package.
The permit figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey for 2025. They count new privately-owned residential units permitted by the city itself, not the whole metro, and they exclude commercial and industrial permits. In 2025 Knoxville permitted 1,439 residential units, down from 2,096 in 2024, with 407 single-family and 1,032 multifamily units.
Yes. Many contractors only need one division, such as concrete, framing, or MEP, and we can deliver that scope on its own. Partial takeoffs are useful when you are bidding as a subcontractor and only carry part of the work. Tell us which divisions you need and which are handled by others, so we do not measure scope you will not price.
Send the architectural, structural, civil, and MEP drawings, plus any specifications, addenda, and bid form. If there is a geotechnical report, include it, because it changes how we treat excavation and foundations. Tell us the bid date and whether you want the full package or specific divisions. You can send plans through our get an estimate page and we will confirm scope before starting.
Yes. We cover the surrounding region, including nearby cities such as Nashville, Chattanooga, and the rest of Tennessee. If your project is in Knox County or a neighboring county, the pricing adjustment stays close to the Knoxville market. For work elsewhere in the state, see our Tennessee construction estimating services for coverage and how we adjust rates by ZIP code.
Send your drawings, specifications, and bid date, and we will return a division-by-division takeoff in Excel and PDF with marked-up plans.