Multi-family estimating is not a large single-family house with more doors. A 120-unit building repeats a typical floor, but stair towers, elevator overruns, mechanical penthouses and the podium level repeat differently or not at all. We take off the vertical stack unit by unit, then the common areas and site work that never repeat. If you are also pricing garden-style single family rentals or ADUs on the same site, those go on separate sheets because the framing and MEP counts do not share a multiplier.
- Deliverable
- Excel estimate + marked-up PDF plans
- Organized by
- CSI MasterFormat section
- Turnaround
- 24–48 hours for most projects
- Pricing
- ZIP-code-adjusted material and labor pricing
- Software
- Bluebeam Revu, PlanSwift, RSMeans data
Send the architectural, structural, MEP and civil sets. We return a takeoff organized by CSI MasterFormat division, each line tied to a sheet reference, with marked-up plans so you can check every count. Most projects ship in 24–48 hours. The estimate is built in Bluebeam Revu and PlanSwift, priced with ZIP-code-adjusted RSMeans data, and delivered in Excel and PDF. Use it for a bid, a construction loan draw schedule, or to buy out your framing and MEP subs. If your project is in a state with its own labor and code conventions, we flag the assumptions — see our Texas and California pages for how those adjustments work.
We also count the items that a per-unit rule of thumb misses: fire-rated shaft and demising assemblies per UL design, balcony and walkway waterproofing with scuppers and slope-to-drain details, trash chutes and compactor rooms with their electrical and plumbing rough-in, and site retaining walls with grading balance from the civil sheets. Each of these appears on a specific sheet — rated assembly schedule, enlarged details, architectural plans, civil plans — and we tie every line to that reference so you can verify it before the bid goes in. The Excel file separates quantities from pricing so you can adjust labor or material without rebuilding the takeoff, and the PDF markup uses color-coded highlights and count tags for a fast visual check.
What the multifamily construction takeoff covers
We measure from the drawings you send, not from a per-unit rule of thumb. The takeoff starts with gross building area and net rentable area, then breaks out each unit type, each common space and each site item. Structural, architectural, MEP and civil scopes are counted separately so you can see where the money sits before you buy out trades.
Structural Concrete
Cast-in-place foundations, pile caps, grade beams, slab-on-grade, and elevated post-tensioned slabs measured and priced.
CY · SF · LFFraming & Sheathing
Cold-formed metal studs, floor trusses, open-web joists, exterior sheathing, and weather barrier by gauge and thickness.
SF · LF · EAExterior Envelope
Brick veneer, fiber cement siding, TPO/EPDM roofing, flashing, and waterproofing at balconies and walkways.
SF · Squares · LFUnit Finishes
Gypsum board, paint, resilient flooring, carpet, base, tile, cabinets, countertops, and appliances per unit schedule.
SF · LF · EACommon Areas
Lobby, corridors, leasing office, mailroom, fitness, and trash rooms with finishes, doors, and hardware.
SF · EA · LFMEP Systems
Plumbing fixtures, HVAC fan coils or PTACs, electrical panelboards, meter stacks, and branch devices per unit.
EA · LF · TonsFire Protection
Sprinkler heads, risers, standpipes, and fire-rated shaft and demising assemblies per UL design.
EA · LF · SFSite & Parking
Retaining walls, grading balance, asphalt paving, curb, striping, and site utilities from civil sheets.
CY · SF · LFWhat every multi-family estimating takeoff includes
- Cast-in-place foundations, pile caps, grade beams and slab-on-grade in CY
- Elevated post-tensioned slabs, mild slabs on deck, tendons and anchorages
- Cold-formed metal stud walls at corridor, demising and shaft lines by gauge
- Floor trusses or open-web joists with hangers, bearing and blocking
- Exterior sheathing, weather barrier, fiber cement or brick veneer by SF
- TPO or EPDM roof membrane in squares with tapered insulation and flashing
- Unit-by-unit finish schedule: gypsum board, paint, resilient, carpet, base, tile
- Kitchen and bath cabinets, countertops, plumbing fixtures and appliances
- Common-area finishes for lobby, corridors, leasing office, mailroom, fitness
- Fire sprinkler heads by unit and corridor, risers and standpipes
- HVAC fan coil or PTAC units per unit, rooftop units for common areas
- Electrical panelboards, meter stacks and branch devices per unit
How we take off an apartment building
- Set the unit mix and stackWe list every unit type from the floor plans — studio, 1BR, 2BR, 3BR — and count how many times each repeats on each floor. That gives the multiplier for unit finishes, plumbing fixtures, receptacles and fan coil units. The stack also shows where a typical floor changes, such as a podium level or a step in the building.
- Measure the vertical repetitionTypical floors repeat, so we take off one floor and multiply, then add the roof, mechanical penthouse and stair towers as separate conditions. Elevator overruns, shaft walls and stair landings are counted at each level because their height and fire rating change as the building rises. This is where a per-unit price loses the structure.
- Count MEP by fixture and devicePlumbing is taken off from riser diagrams by pipe diameter, not by unit. Sprinkler heads are counted per unit and per corridor because corridor coverage does not scale with unit count. Electrical panelboards and meter stacks are counted per building, and branch devices are counted per unit from the power plans.
- Separate common and site workLobby, corridor, leasing office, mailroom, fitness and trash rooms are measured by SF and finished to their own schedules, which rarely match the units. Civil work — excavation, paving, curb, sidewalk, retaining walls and utility stubs — is taken off from the grading and utility plans and kept on its own division sheets.
- Price and mark upQuantities are priced with ZIP-code-adjusted material and labor using RSMeans data. We mark up the plan sheets with color-coded highlights and count tags so you can trace every number back to a sheet. The Excel file keeps quantities and pricing on separate columns so you can adjust labor or material without rebuilding the takeoff.
- Flag scope gaps and assumptionsWe compare the drawings against the specification book and note missing details: fire-rated assembly schedules, balcony waterproofing, trash chute rough-in, site retaining walls. Each gap is listed with the sheet where it should appear. If a detail is absent, we state the assumption used for pricing so you can request a clarification before the bid.
- Deliver and reviewThe takeoff is delivered in Excel and PDF within 24–48 hours. We include a pricing basis note with the RSMeans data year and ZIP adjustment. You can request a review call to walk through the marked-up sheets and adjust any line before you finalize your bid.
What we need from you
- Full plan setArchitectural, structural, MEP and civil sheets. Missing disciplines become assumptions, and assumptions become change orders.
- Unit mix scheduleA table of unit types and counts per floor. If it is not on the drawings, we build it from the plans and you confirm it.
- SpecificationsThe spec book tells us the wall assembly, roof membrane, window type and finish grades that the drawings only label.
- Site and civil plansGrading, utilities and paving sheets. Site work can be 8–12% of a garden-style project and is easy to leave out.
- Addenda and bulletinsSend every addendum. A changed exterior wall assembly or window type moves the takeoff more than a finish change.
- Bid date and formatTell us the bid date and whether you want pricing by division, by building, or by unit type. That sets the sheet layout.
Sample multifamily quantity takeoff format
A short extract from a 120-unit wood-frame over podium project. Quantities are illustrative and show how each line ties to a sheet.
| Section | Line item | Qty | Unit | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 03 30 00 | Cast-in-place grade beam 18 in × 24 in | 620 | LF | S-101 |
| 05 40 00 | Cold-formed metal stud wall, 6 in, 16 ga, 10 ft | 4,800 | LF | A-201 |
| 06 10 00 | Floor truss, 16 in deep, 24 in o.c. | 18,400 | SF | S-301 |
| 07 53 00 | EPDM roof membrane, 60 mil, fully adhered | 320 | SQ | A-401 |
| 08 11 00 | Hollow metal door and frame, 3 ft × 7 ft | 240 | EA | A-501 |
| 09 29 00 | Gypsum board, 5/8 in Type X, shaft walls | 22,000 | SF | A-601 |
| 21 13 13 | Sprinkler head, quick response, 1/2 in | 1,450 | EA | FP-101 |
| 23 81 00 | Fan coil unit, 2-pipe, 400 cfm | 120 | EA | M-201 |
| 26 24 16 | Panelboard, 120/208V, 42-circuit | 8 | EA | E-101 |
| 31 23 16 | Excavation, bank volume, on-site | 1,200 | CY | C-101 |
| 33 11 00 | Water service, 6 in PVC, from main to building | 180 | LF | C-201 |
Units of measure we use
Every line carries a unit you can check against the drawings. If a quantity cannot be verified from the set, we say so.
| Item | Unit | How it's measured |
|---|---|---|
| Gross building area | SF | Measured to outside face of exterior walls, all floors and penthouses |
| Net rentable area | SF | Measured per unit to interior face, excluding common corridors and shafts |
| Post-tensioned slab | SF | Area by thickness, with tendon LF taken separately on the structural sheets |
| Metal stud wall | LF | Centerline length by gauge and height, measured at corridor and demising lines |
| Roofing | SQ | 100 SF squares of membrane, with tapered insulation and flashing in LF |
| Plumbing pipe | LF | Domestic water, sanitary, vent and gas by diameter from riser diagrams |
| Sprinkler heads | EA | Counted per unit, corridor and common room from the fire protection plans |
| Elevator | EA | Cabs and stops, with hoistway travel in LF from the section |
| Excavation | CY | Bank volume from grading plan, with over-excavation shown separately |
| Site paving | AC | Asphalt area from the civil sheets, with curb and gutter in LF |
Worked example: exterior wall takeoff for one typical floor
This example shows how we take off the exterior wall assembly for one floor of a 4-story, 80-unit apartment building. Dimensions are illustrative.
- Wall length: The floor plan shows a rectangular footprint of 200 ft by 60 ft. Perimeter = 2 × (200 + 60) = 520 LF. We confirm the perimeter from the dimensioned floor plan and check that it matches the building section and roof plan.
- Wall height: Floor-to-floor is 10 ft. Subtract 1 ft for the floor structure and 1 ft for the roof/floor above, leaving 8 ft of exterior wall height. Wall area = 520 LF × 8 ft = 4,160 SF. We verify the floor-to-floor dimension on the building section and adjust for any dropped soffits or parapets.
- Openings: The window schedule lists 40 windows at 3 ft × 5 ft = 15 SF each, and 10 doors at 3 ft × 7 ft = 21 SF each. Total opening area = (40 × 15) + (10 × 21) = 600 + 210 = 810 SF. Net wall area = 4,160 − 810 = 3,350 SF. We cross-check the window and door counts against the elevation and floor plan to avoid missing any units.
- Sheathing: 7/16 in OSB sheathing covers the net wall area. Sheets are 4 ft × 8 ft = 32 SF. Number of sheets = 3,350 ÷ 32 = 104.7, round up to 105 sheets. Waste factor for sheathing is typically 5–10%; we add 10% as a separate line: 105 × 1.10 = 115.5, round to 116 sheets. We note the sheathing thickness and grade from the specifications (e.g., 06 16 00 Sheathing).
- Weather barrier: One roll of house wrap covers 1,000 SF. Rolls needed = 3,350 ÷ 1,000 = 3.35, round up to 4 rolls. Add 10% waste for laps and cuts: 4 × 1.10 = 4.4, round to 5 rolls. We check the manufacturer's installation instructions for required overlaps and fastening patterns.
- Fiber cement siding: Siding is installed at 1.5 SF per LF of 12 in wide board. Net wall area 3,350 SF requires 3,350 ÷ 1.5 = 2,233 LF of siding. Add 10% waste: 2,233 × 1.10 = 2,456 LF. Convert to pieces: if boards are 12 ft long, 2,456 ÷ 12 = 204.7, round to 205 pieces. We verify the siding profile and exposure from the architectural elevations and specifications (e.g., 07 46 46 Fiber Cement Siding).
- Flashing: At the base of the wall, we need 520 LF of flashing. At window and door openings, we need head flashing: (40 windows × 3 ft) + (10 doors × 3 ft) = 120 + 30 = 150 LF. Total flashing = 520 + 150 = 670 LF. Add 5% waste: 670 × 1.05 = 703.5, round to 704 LF. We also include sill flashing and jamb flashing where required by the window details.
- Insulation: If the wall requires R-13 batt insulation, the net wall area is 3,350 SF. Batts come in bags covering 88 SF. Bags = 3,350 ÷ 88 = 38.1, round to 39 bags. No waste factor for batt insulation, but add 5% for cuts: 39 × 1.05 = 40.95, round to 41 bags. We confirm the R-value from the energy code and specifications (e.g., 07 21 00 Thermal Insulation).
Each quantity is entered on the takeoff sheet under its CSI section: 06 16 00 Sheathing, 07 25 00 Weather Barrier, 07 46 46 Fiber Cement Siding, 07 62 00 Sheet Metal Flashing, 07 21 00 Thermal Insulation. The marked-up elevation shows the wall area and opening locations. This level of detail lets you compare bids from framing and siding subs on the same basis.
What moves a multifamily cost estimate
Relative impact on a typical estimate for this trade, based on estimator judgment. Select a bar for details.
Structural system
Wood frame over a podium, cold-formed steel with brick veneer, and post-tensioned concrete with stucco or EIFS price differently per SF of floor and wall area. The choice changes the foundation, the floor thickness, the MEP rough-in and the finish schedule, so it is the first line we confirm. We take off the structural system from the foundation plan and typical floor framing plans, noting the slab thickness, beam sizes and column grid. A change from wood frame to cold-formed steel, for example, adds stud gauge, bracing and fire-rated assembly requirements that affect the wall and ceiling finishes.
Wood frame over a podium, cold-formed steel with brick veneer, and post-tensioned concrete with stucco or EIFS price differently per SF of floor and wall area. The choice changes the foundation, the floor thickness, the MEP rough-in and the finish schedule, so it is the first line we confirm. We take off the structural system from the foundation plan and typical floor framing plans, noting the slab thickness, beam sizes and column grid. A change from wood frame to cold-formed steel, for example, adds stud gauge, bracing and fire-rated assembly requirements that affect the wall and ceiling finishes.
A building with more studios and 1BR units has more kitchens, baths and plumbing risers per SF than one with 3BR units. The unit mix also changes the corridor length and the number of demising walls, which drives the stud and gypsum board quantities. We count each unit type from the floor plans and apply the multiplier per floor. A shift from 2BR to 1BR units, for example, increases the number of kitchens and baths, raising the plumbing fixture count and the appliance package cost per rentable SF.
Lobby, leasing office, mailroom, fitness, laundry and trash rooms are finished and conditioned but produce no rent. A high common-area ratio raises the cost per rentable SF even when the unit count is unchanged. We measure these spaces from the architectural plans and finish them to their own schedules, which often include higher-grade flooring, lighting and HVAC than the units. A 10% increase in common area can add 3–5% to the total cost per rentable SF.
Structured parking, retaining walls, grading balance and utility extensions are counted from the civil sheets. On a sloping site, retaining walls and over-excavation can add scope that never appears on the architectural plans. We take off excavation in CY, asphalt in AC, curb in LF, and utility pipe by diameter and material. Structured parking, if present, is priced per space with its own foundation, framing and ventilation requirements, which can rival the cost of the residential floors.
The exterior wall assembly — brick veneer, fiber cement, stucco or EIFS — determines the sheathing, weather barrier, flashing and insulation quantities. We take off the envelope by SF of wall area from the elevations, including window and door openings. A change from fiber cement to brick veneer, for example, adds a brick ledge, ties and a larger foundation, increasing both the structural and finish costs. We also count the windows and doors by type and size from the window schedule.
The mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems are counted from the riser diagrams and floor plans. A central plant versus individual fan coil units, or a master meter versus tenant meters, changes the equipment, piping and electrical distribution. We take off pipe by diameter and material, ductwork by weight or LF, and electrical devices by count. A change from PTAC units to a central chiller system, for example, adds chilled water piping, pumps and a cooling tower, which increases both the mechanical and electrical scope.
Sprinkler coverage, fire-rated assemblies and alarm devices are driven by the building code and the local amendments. We count sprinkler heads per unit and per corridor from the fire protection plans, and we check the rated assembly schedule for shaft, demising and floor/ceiling designs. A change from a 13R to a 13 system, for example, adds a fire pump, standpipes and more heads, increasing both the sprinkler and electrical costs. We also count fire extinguishers, pull stations and horn/strobes from the electrical plans.
Labor rates and productivity vary by ZIP code and by trade. We price with ZIP-code-adjusted RSMeans data, which reflects local wages, material costs and market conditions. A project in a high-cost urban area will have higher labor rates than one in a rural area, even for the same scope. We also flag any state-specific labor conventions, such as prevailing wage or union requirements, that affect the pricing basis. The adjustment is stated in the pricing basis note so you can see the assumptions.
Common scope gaps we catch
These items are routinely left out of apartment estimates because they do not fit a per-unit multiplier. We look for them on the sheets where they hide.
- The vertical multiplier misses stair towers, elevator overruns and mechanical penthouses. We take off one typical floor, then add these conditions separately at each level where they change.
- Corridor lighting, exhaust, make-up air and sprinkler coverage are not in the unit count. We measure them from the MEP plans by LF of corridor and EA of device.
- Fire-rated shaft, demising and floor/ceiling assemblies require specific UL designs, not generic stud counts. We check the rated assembly schedule and match the stud gauge, board type and fastener pattern.
- Trash chutes, compactor rooms and their electrical and plumbing rough-in appear on the architectural and MEP sheets but not in the unit schedule. We add them as common-area scope.
- Balcony and walkway waterproofing, scuppers and slope-to-drain details are shown on details, not plans. We take them off from the enlarged details and count scuppers and drains as EA.
- Site retaining walls, grading balance and utility stubs at the property line are on the civil sheets. We measure them there and keep them on Division 31 and 33 sheets.
- Temporary facilities, crane and hoist time tied to a multi-building sequencing plan are in the general conditions. We flag them so you can carry them in your GC budget.
- Elevator cab finishes, door frames and hoistway lighting are specified in Division 14 but often omitted from the unit count. We take them off from the elevator plans and section, counting stops, doors and cab finishes per elevator.
- Roof screen walls, mechanical curbs and roof access hatches are shown on the roof plan but not in the floor-by-floor takeoff. We add them as separate line items with their flashing and structural support.
Structural and exterior wall systems compared
The choice of structural system and exterior wall assembly changes the takeoff quantities and the pricing basis. We compare them on SF of floor or wall area.
| System | Typical units | Takeoff implications | MEP and finish impacts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wood frame with fiber cement siding | SF of floor area; LF of stud walls | Studs at 16 in o.c., OSB sheathing, house wrap, fiber cement siding; waste 5–10% | Plumbing and electrical roughed in wood studs; fire blocking required; STC details at demising walls |
| Cold-formed steel with brick veneer | SF of floor area; LF of stud walls | Studs at 16 in o.c., gauge per engineering, brick ledge, ties, flashing; waste 5–10% | MEP roughed in steel studs; fire-rated assemblies per UL; brick adds foundation width |
| Post-tensioned concrete with stucco or EIFS | SF of slab area; CY of concrete | Slab thickness by design, tendons and anchorages, mild reinforcement; waste 3–5% for concrete | MEP embedded in slab; stucco or EIFS over sheathing; fire ratings from concrete cover |
| Mass timber with curtain wall | SF of floor area; LF of beams/columns | Glulam beams, CLT panels, connections; waste 5–8% for timber | MEP exposed or in chases; curtain wall in Division 08; fire ratings from char calculations |
| Concrete masonry unit (CMU) with brick veneer | SF of wall area; LF of walls | CMU blocks at 8 in x 8 in x 16 in, mortar, reinforcement, grout; waste 5–10% for block | MEP surface-mounted or in furring; fire ratings from CMU; brick veneer adds ties and flashing |
| Insulated concrete form (ICF) with stucco | SF of wall area; CY of concrete | ICF blocks, concrete core, reinforcement; waste 3–5% for concrete | MEP embedded in concrete or in furring; stucco over ICF; high thermal mass |
Codes and standards that affect the takeoff
Model codes
Multi-family construction is governed by the adopted edition of the International Building Code (IBC) for buildings over three stories, or the International Residential Code (IRC) for some townhouse and low-rise configurations. The IBC sets height and area limits, construction type, fire-rated assemblies, and egress requirements that directly change quantities: more exits mean more doors and stairs; higher ratings mean thicker gypsum board and more studs. The International Energy Code (IECC) drives insulation R-values and window U-factors, which change the envelope takeoff. The NEC governs electrical devices and panelboards; the IPC or UPC governs plumbing pipe and fixture counts; NFPA 13 or 13R sets sprinkler head counts and pipe sizes. Confirm the adopted edition and any state amendments with the local building department.
Industry standards
Estimators rely on standards from ACI for concrete (e.g., ACI 318 for reinforced concrete design, ACI 301 for specifications), ASTM for materials and test methods (e.g., ASTM C90 for CMU, ASTM C578 for rigid insulation), and GA for gypsum board installation (GA-216). For roofing, NRCA provides details for flashing and membrane installation. SMACNA standards cover ductwork and sheet metal. These standards define minimum thicknesses, fastener schedules, and installation methods that affect material quantities and waste factors. For example, GA-216 specifies screw spacing for gypsum board, which changes the number of screws per SF; ACI 318 sets concrete cover, which affects rebar quantities.
Specification sections
CSI MasterFormat sections tell you the specific products and installation methods. Division 03 sections (03 30 00 Cast-in-Place Concrete) specify mix designs, reinforcement, and curing, which affect concrete volume and rebar tonnage. Division 05 (05 40 00 Cold-Formed Metal Framing) gives stud gauge, spacing, and bracing. Division 07 (07 21 00 Thermal Insulation, 07 46 46 Fiber Cement Siding) lists insulation R-values and siding attachment. Division 09 (09 29 00 Gypsum Board) specifies board type, thickness, and finish level. Division 21 (21 13 13 Sprinkler Systems) gives head types and coverage. Division 23 (23 81 00 Decentralized Unitary HVAC) lists equipment capacities. Reading these sections is essential to price the correct products and installation methods.
Local amendments
Local jurisdictions adopt model codes with amendments that can change requirements. For example, some states require sprinklers in all new multi-family buildings regardless of height, or have stricter energy codes. Seismic zones add structural requirements. Wind zones affect roof and wall attachments. Historic districts may require specific exterior materials. These amendments change quantities: more sprinkler heads, thicker insulation, additional bracing. Always confirm the adopted code edition and local amendments with the local building department before finalizing the estimate. Our pricing basis note states the RSMeans data year and ZIP adjustment, but code compliance is a design responsibility.
Who uses this multifamily bid estimate
General contractors
You need division-level quantities to bid a hard-cost contract and to compare subcontractor quotes. The marked-up sheets let your estimator verify counts before the bid goes in.
Developers
You use the estimate to test a pro forma, set a construction budget and prepare a draw schedule. Unit-type pricing shows which unit mix carries the highest cost per rentable SF.
Subcontractors
Framing, drywall, MEP and fire protection subs can pull their division quantities and price their own labor and material without taking off the whole building.
Architects and owners
You get a check on whether the design fits the budget before the bid set is finalized, and a list of scope gaps that need a detail or a specification before pricing.